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Halitosis is commonly known as bad breath, and they are made up of very complex substances with various odors. Halitosis, which impacts conversations and human relationships, has caused numerous personal and social problems. This unpleasant condition is prevalent among both men and women, affecting people of all ages. Halitosis is the third most common reason for patients to seek dental care, following dental caries and periodontal disease. Therefore, understanding the relationship between halitosis and the oral microbiome is crucial.
What we know:
Halitosis results from volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), which are unpleasant-smelling gases present in the breath air. These compounds are produced by oral bacteria acting on sulfur-containing substrates (de Barros et al., 2024).
The tongue coating, which contains food debris, desquamated epithelial cells, and blood cells, creates an ideal environment for bacteria that produce volatile sulfur compounds to thrive (Lee et al., 2023).
The most active producers of hydrogen sulfide are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria such as Prophyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia (Lee et al., 2023).
Studies have shown that people with halitosis have a more diverse microbiome than those without halitosis. The main bacteria related to halitosis are Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Leptotrichia, Peptostreptococcus, and Stomatobaculum (Ye et al., 2019).
A decrease in tongue coating thickness has been linked to a reduction in the amounts of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Patil et al., 2022).
Using a tongue scraper for cleaning resulted in a 75% reduction in VSCs (Lee et al., 2023).
A study had shown that probiotics such as Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus reuteri, Streptococcus salivarius, and Weissella cibaria can effectively alleviate halitosis in the short term, up to 4 weeks (Huang et al., 2022).
Industry impact & potential:
The global market for halitosis treatment products is expected to grow due to the rising awareness and an increasing demand for oral care solutions.
Further studies need to be done to identify long term solutions for halitosis treatment.
Our solution:
Sequential conducts comprehensive microbiome analysis not just for the skin, but also for the oral, scalp, and vaginal microbiomes. We perform in vivo testing to evaluate the efficacy of brands' products in maintaining and promoting a healthy microbiome. After testing, we provide certifications that confirm your products are microbiome-friendly.
Reference:
de Barros Motta P, Gonçalves MLL, Gallo JMAS, Sobral APT, Motta LJ, Santos EM, de
Andrade DJC, Duran CCG, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Horliana ACRT, Bussadori SK. Evaluation of the Oral Microbiome before and after Treatments for Halitosis with Photodynamic Therapy and Probiotics-Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel). 2024 May 30;12(11):1123. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12111123. PMID: 38891198; PMCID: PMC11172044.
Huang N, Li J, Qiao X, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wu C, Li L. Efficacy of probiotics in the management of
halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2022 Dec 20;12(12):e060753. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060753. PMID: 36600415; PMCID: PMC9809225.
Lee YH, Hong JY. Oral microbiome as a co-mediator of halitosis and periodontitis: a
narrative review. Front Oral Health. 2023 Aug 31;4:1229145. doi: 10.3389/froh.2023.1229145. PMID: 37719278; PMCID: PMC10500072.
Patil P, Patil L, Triveni MG, Usha GV, Shah R, Kumar ABT. Efficacy of antimicrobial
photodynamic therapy on the tongue surface in the management of halitosis - real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2022 Sep;39:102989. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102989. Epub 2022 Jul 2. PMID: 35792253.
Ye W, Zhang Y, He M, Zhu C, Feng XP. Relationship of tongue coating microbiome on
volatile sulfur compounds in healthy and halitosis adults. J Breath Res. 2019 Nov 19;14(1):016005. doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab47b4. PMID: 31553956.
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