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Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a type of cancer that grow primarily in the skin. The most common forms are Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS). MF usually appears as red patches, plaques, or tumors on the skin, progressing slowly, while SS is more aggressive, with widespread redness and swollen lymph nodes. CTCL weakens the immune system, leading to frequent infections, chronic inflammation, and reduced ability to fight tumors (Dey et al., 2024). In Europe and the USA, CTCL affects around 0.55 to 1.06 per 100,000 people, with MF being the most common form (Łyko & Jankowska-Konsur, 2022).
What we know:
External factors, such as microbial antigens, may worsen the disease by promoting chronic inflammation and cancerous cell transformation (Dey et al., 2024).
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, plays a key role in CTCL (Jost & Wehkamp, 2022).
Staphylococcus aureus contribute to morbidity and mortality by producing enterotoxins that disrupt skin barriers, activate T-cells, and promote cancer progression. In contrast, Staphylococcus epidermidis supports skin barrier function and modulates immune responses through the production of lantibiotics (Jost & Wehkamp, 2022).
In CTCL patients, shifts in the abundance of bacteria such as Corynebacterium and Cutibacterium (Jost & Wehkamp, 2022).
Enterococcus has been found in necrotic tumors of MF patients and successfully treated with antibiotics, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often fatal in septic CTCL cases, contributes to over half of the deaths (Jost & Wehkamp, 2022).
Staphylococcus aureus strains were prevalent and showed significant resistance to common antibiotics, complicating treatment with standard therapies (Licht et al., 2024).
Industry impact & potential:
3D human skin culture models could improve our understanding of the interactions between Staphylococcus aureus, immune cells, and malignant cells, while also examining how environmental factors affect skin microbiota, potentially identifying biomarkers or therapeutic targets (Jost & Wehkamp, 2022).
Research on the impact of treatment on the skin microbiome in CTCL is still needed, and further studies on non-antibiotic treatments that restore microbiome balance could improve CTCL management (Łyko & Jankowska-Konsur, 2022).
Our solution:
Sequential specializes in skin microbiome analysis and in vivo formulation testing, providing scientifically-backed solutions to improve skin health through microbiome modulation. We ensure your product meets industry standards and delivers optimal skincare quality.
Reference:
Dey S, Vieyra-Garcia PA, Joshi AA, Trajanoski S, Wolf P. Modulation of the skin microbiome
in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma delays tumour growth and increases survival in the murine EL4 model. Front Immunol. 2024 Apr 5;15:1255859. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1255859. PMID: 38646524; PMCID: PMC11026597.
Jost M, Wehkamp U. The Skin Microbiome and Influencing Elements in Cutaneous T-Cell
Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Mar 4;14(5):1324. doi: 10.3390/cancers14051324. PMID: 35267632; PMCID: PMC8909499.
Licht, P., Dominelli, N., Kleemann, J. et al. The skin microbiome stratifies patients with
cutaneous T cell lymphoma and determines event-free survival. npj Biofilms Microbiomes10, 74 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-024-00542-4
Łyko M, Jankowska-Konsur A. The Skin Microbiome in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas
(CTCL)-A Narrative Review. Pathogens. 2022 Aug 18;11(8):935. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11080935. PMID: 36015055; PMCID: PMC9414712.
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