How do I Rebuild my Skin Microbiome?

Our skin, as we know to be the body's largest organ, hosts a plethora of microorganisms. An elaborate ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that live on the skin and maintain its optimal health, making up the skin microbiome (Smythe & Wilkinson, 2023). These microorganisms serve as a protective barrier against harmful pathogens, aid in immune system regulation, and play a vital role in various skin functions.

However, factors such as harsh skincare products, poor diet, and environmental stressors can disrupt the balance, leading to acne, eczema, and other skin disorders (Wallen-Russell, 2019). Restoring the skin microbiome involves a complex and multifaceted approach that includes lifestyle changes, targeted skincare practices, and sometimes dietary adjustments.
Understanding the Skin Microbiome
The microbiome varies depending on the region of the skin, with different areas hosting distinct microbial communities. Fournière et al. (2020) examine how Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes, key skin microbiota components, vary across different skin environments. For instance, Staphylococcus species are mainly in moist areas like axillary and popliteal creases, while Cutibacterium species are found in sebaceous areas such as the face and back. An ideal and healthy skin microbiome is diverse, and resilient, capable of adapting to changes and defending against adversaries.

Steps to Restore the Skin Microbiome
1. Use Less & Gentle Skincare Products: Using lesser products would simplify one’s skincare routine, making it easier to stay consistent and therefore allow the skin to adjust and benefit from the active ingredients. Hwang et al. (2021) further suggests that in order to restore the skin microbiome, one should actively choose products with essential ingredients which are natural, soothing and non-disruptive to the skin's natural barrier.

2. Incorporate Probiotics, Prebiotics and Postbiotics: Just as the gut microbiome benefits from probiotics, so does the skin. Probiotic skincare adds beneficial bacteria to restore skin balance, while prebiotics nourish existing good bacteria to boost their growth. Common probiotics include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, found in drinks, powders, tablets, and fermented dairy products (Gowda, et al. 2024).

3. Protect Your Skin from Environmental Stressors: Limit exposure to environmental pollutants and the sun, which can damage the skin barrier and disrupt the microbiome (Wang et al., 2021). Using protective measures like sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and cleansing your skin regularly can help maintain the integrity of the skin barrier and support a balanced microbiome.

4. Moisturise Regularly: Keeping the skin well-hydrated is crucial for maintaining a healthy microbiome. Dry skin can compromise the skin barrier, making it easier for harmful bacteria to invade. Use a moisturiser that contains ingredients like ceramides, which help to strengthen the skin barrier, and hyaluronic acid to retain moisture. (Spada & Greive, 2018)

5. Pay Attention to Diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports skin microbiome health with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and flaxseeds, are particularly beneficial as they have anti-inflammatory properties that can help maintain a balanced skin microbiome. (Costantini, Molinari & Merendino, 2017)

Conclusion
Restoring the skin microbiome is an ongoing process that demands consistent effort and dedication. By understanding the skin microbiome and incorporating strategies to support its health, you can significantly enhance your skin's ability to protect against environmental stressors and lower the risk of skin disorders.